Lactose-free here means the recipe contains no dairy products that have lactose in them – no milk, yoghurt, quark, cream, cream cheese or soft cheese, and no butter. Aged hard cheeses like parmesan or Alpine cheese, which naturally contain hardly any lactose, are fine, as are ghee and plant-based alternatives like oat or coconut milk. Still check the label on ready-made products such as stock or chocolate. This isn’t medical advice. If you have a medical condition, talk to your GP or a dietitian.
No. Dairy-free means no dairy products at all. Lactose-free means no milk sugar. Aged hard cheese and ghee are dairy products but contain hardly any lactose – so they can appear here.
Hardly any. Long-aged hard cheeses like parmesan, Alpine cheese, Emmental or pecorino contain less than 0.1 g lactose per 100 g. In Germany, that’s the limit below which a food may be called lactose-free.
Yes. Lactose-free milk, yoghurt or cream behave just like the regular products in cooking and baking. Recipes that call for them specifically are included in the list.