SmarTasty
Count calories with a photo

With your consent, we use Google Analytics to improve SmarTasty. Data may be transferred to the USA. You can withdraw at any time. Privacy

Ultra-processed food: the NOVA groups and our made from scratch score

AI-generated image: Two hands chopping carrots and courgette on a wooden board, onion skins beside it and a pot on the hob behind

Our made from scratch score shows how much of a recipe comes from basic ingredients and how little from ready-made food – by NOVA group, weighted by grams.

What NOVA and ultra-processed food mean

NOVA sorts food into four groups by how much it has been processed: unprocessed foods, culinary ingredients such as oil and salt, processed foods such as bread and cheese, and ultra-processed foods – industrial products made largely from extracted ingredients and additives, such as processed meat, ready meals and many sweets.

Our score – shown on each recipe as “Made from scratch” – applies NOVA to every ingredient and averages the groups by weight. Cooked at home from basic ingredients, almost every recipe ends up near the top. For recipes at 9.5 or more, see clean eating recipes.

Each ingredient counts by its group

What each NOVA group counts as, averaged by weight
GroupCounts as
NOVA groups
NOVA 1 – unprocessed – veg, fruit, meat, fish, eggs, pasta, rice, flour, plain yoghurt10
NOVA 2 – culinary ingredients – oil, butter, salt, sugar, honey, cream6
NOVA 3 – processed – bread, cheese, tofu, plant drinks, pesto3
NOVA 4 – ultra-processed – processed meat, ready meals, sweeteners, additives0
Limit
Ultra-processed ingredient – a notable amount: 6 at most, a small amount: 8 at mostCap

The average by weight gives 0 to 10. Counts 15% towards the Health Score.

How to read it

Clean eating recipes: From 9.5.

Two real recipes

How we score it

The score is the average of the groups, weighted by the weight of each ingredient. Water doesn’t count, stock counts for 50 g at most.

Flour and sugar count as basic ingredients here – whether it’s white flour or lots of sugar counts under “Few fast carbs”. Almost everything cooked or baked from scratch therefore scores high – and the category threshold is high too.

The score follows fixed rules, the same for every recipe. It doesn’t replace medical or dietary advice.

Frequently asked questions

What is the NOVA classification?

A system from the University of São Paulo that sorts food into four groups by processing – from unprocessed to ultra-processed.

What counts as ultra-processed food?

Industrial products made mostly from extracted or modified ingredients, often with additives you wouldn’t use at home: processed meat, ready meals, packet soups, many breakfast cereals, sweets and soft drinks. Protein powder counts too.

Sources

  1. Monteiro, C. A., et al. (2019). Ultra-processed foods: what they are and how to identify them. Public Health Nutrition, 22(5), 936–941. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30744710/
  2. Hall, K. D., et al. (2019). Ultra-processed diets cause excess calorie intake and weight gain: an inpatient randomized controlled trial of ad libitum food intake. Cell Metabolism, 30(1), 67–77. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31105044/
  3. Srour, B., et al. (2019). Ultra-processed food intake and risk of cardiovascular disease: prospective cohort study (NutriNet-Santé). BMJ, 365, l1451. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31142457/